Questions tagged [babe]
Block production protocol
47
questions
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Understanding the Concept of "Best Block" in Parachains, Relay Chains, and Solo Chains
I'm currently working to gain a deeper understanding of blockchain technologies, specifically in the context of parachains and relay chains, as well as solo chains. I'm having some confusion regarding ...
- 442
0
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1
answer
26
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Can we use AccountId20 with babe and other pallets?
As frontier now integrate natively the AccountId20 type, I wonder if it is compatible with all other pallets like BABE, Staking, ... Is there a place where we can check it or do we know some ...
- 294
1
vote
1
answer
27
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How to change POA to POS with babe?
How to change the the consensus of node-template from POA to POS with babe?
- 1,421
2
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1
answer
56
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Facing Issue in integration of POS
I'm integrating the POS in freshly node template. I'm facing this error:
This is the code repository: https://github.com/Aideepakchaudhary/POA-to-POS
Can anyone please help me to solve this issue?
...
- 1,421
1
vote
1
answer
29
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Node template with POS Babe consensus: Removal of Unnecessary Extra Pallets
Here is the node template with Babe:
https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/6a946fc36d68b89599d7ca1ab03803d10c78468c/bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs#L1583
The above template is functioning smoothly ...
- 775
0
votes
1
answer
30
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Error Running Substrate Node: Unsupported or invalid BabeApi version
I am trying to run a Substrate node with a custom chain specification. I used the following command to run the node:
./target/release/substrate \
--base-path /tmp/pikamo \
--chain ./...
- 873
5
votes
1
answer
122
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How to solve this error: associated type `BlockNumber` not found for `T`?
I have substrate node template with babe and i want to integrate orml-currencies.
I'm using this in cargo.toml:
orml-currencies = { default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/open-web3-...
- 1,421
4
votes
1
answer
42
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Custom session keys in Chainspec for Mainnet config
I've seen some Substrate repo's where the SessionKeys (Aura, Babe, Grandpa, etc) are used with unchecked_into() .While the stash/controller keys are only used with into().
These are some examples:
...
- 382
0
votes
1
answer
39
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frontier template upgrade to polkadotv0.9.38 but using Babe instead of Aura
I've upgraded the frontier-node-template to substrate polkadot-v0.9.38, I've fixed all issues in runtime, migrated my code as well.
But since last few days, I'm stuck in converting service.rs file in ...
2
votes
1
answer
236
views
file not found for module `sys`
Geeting following error's how can i fix this error?
error[E0583]: file not found for module `sys`
--> /Users/abubakarmujahid/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/errno-0.3.1/...
- 169
3
votes
3
answers
626
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How to replace aura with babe?
Subsrate-node-template uses Aura as a default block authoring algorithem. How can one repalace aura with babe?
- 671
1
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1
answer
42
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How to execute reportEquivocation function in babe pallet?
I was trying to execute a function reportEquivocation(equivocationProof, keyOwnerProof)in the babe pallet . I was stuck in filling the parameters for the same.Could anyone guide me about how to fill ...
- 297
9
votes
1
answer
119
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Session changes on reversion
When reasoning about a particular problem, I realized that I don't know how session changes work with chain reversions. To my knowledge session changes are based on time/slots and not on blocks. So ...
- 230
2
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0
answers
53
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Switching from `Aura` to `Babe` consensus causes error "Incomplete block import pipeline" on genesis block
I am trying to switch from Aura to Babe consensus. After successful building and node start I am getting an error "Block import error: Incomplete block import pipeline.". This happens with ...
3
votes
0
answers
68
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Switching from Aura to Babe - 'Current state of blockchain has invalid authorities set'
I'm attempting to switch a node from using Aura to Babe by copying the usage of Babe in some public chains.
However when I run multiple nodes together I get the error:
Unable to fetch auxiliary data ...
5
votes
0
answers
44
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Adhering to size limit of a block
We do track weight during block creation/block import, but weight only cares about execution time and with 2D weights also about storage proof size.
We do keep track of size in propose here but only ...
- 230
3
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1
answer
97
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What happens on invalid blocks?
I was wondering about block import in particular about invalid blocks: What are the consequences of a block being deemed invalid/failing block import - except well for the block not being imported. Is ...
- 230
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1
answer
55
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How to implement a production randomness pallet?
Hey valuable community member,
I am currently on a randomness pallet which can be used as a production counterpart to the insecure randomness-collective-flip pallet.
This is my current version:
https:/...
- 503
3
votes
1
answer
50
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nextAuthorities() output clarification from Babe storage event
Good evening,
I am trying to parse the output hash of nextAuthorities details retrieved by storage function.
I would like to know how to parse the output sent per validator, is it an hashproof ...
- 41
1
vote
1
answer
70
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How to start a GRANDPA blockchain without any initial voters?
I've tried modifying the repository so initial voters for the grandpa pallet. In doing so, I noticed there are many checks to prevent that modification.
The reason why we do not want any initial ...
- 141
5
votes
1
answer
95
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BABE: VRF verification fails
We just ran into the following issue on our kintsugi testnet deployment:
[Relaychain] :broken_heart: Verification failed for block 0xdef612b6bd9d3b6a2ff93a1e9310f385b7a8b715f3f368135731772a3c6f0792 ...
- 395
0
votes
1
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69
views
How to list waiting validators?
We can list the active set with session::validators() and/or babe::authorities()
How to list waiting validators though?
- 93
1
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1
answer
152
views
Is it possible to start a substrate BABE blockchain with no Grandpa authorities and BABE validators?
I'm trying to implement a PoS network on substrate using substrate provided pallets - pallet_session, pallet_staking, pallet_babe, etc. The current Runtime and chain spec implementation is similar to ...
- 141
1
vote
2
answers
169
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Substrate change node template from PoA to PoS
Is there any documentation on how to change Substrate from PoA to PoS?
0
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38
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Are Periodic Grandpa Voter Errors To Be Expected?
We have been losing anywhere from one to three nodes at a time with Grandpa Voter Errors at random block numbers ranging from 1600 to over 183K. Thus far we have not found any configuration in the ...
- 269
0
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2
answers
134
views
Babe PoA to NPoS migration
Here's my babe pallet configuration: I suppose that for PoA we want to keep the same
authority set
impl pallet_babe::Config for Runtime {
type EpochDuration = EpochDuration;
type ...
- 171
4
votes
2
answers
249
views
How can I use BABE's randomness in my parachain?
I would like to use BABE's randomness for some on-chain logic. IIUC using BABE inside a parachain's runtime is not recommended good practice because there's no fallback for producing blocks if no ...
- 2,610
0
votes
1
answer
111
views
Node-template for stand-alone blockchains with POS babe consensus
Is there a node-template for babe consensus tracking all the changes and updates as it does to substrate-node-template which follows aura consensus.
For eg., polkadot-v0.9.24 changes are already ...
- 759
3
votes
1
answer
72
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What prevents a primary staker from holding off staking to wait for a specific outcome they want in BABE?
One of the issues of PoS as far as I understand is the randomness that selects a staker. Ouroboros Praos, and also BABE use VRFs (Verifiable Random Functions) to assign primary and secondary leaders ...
3
votes
1
answer
85
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Certain validator nodes produce more blocks than other nodes (BABE)
At Ternoa we are observing an interesting phenomenon where a node operator consistently produces more blocks than other node operators. In this case, he has two validator nodes and both nodes produce ...
3
votes
1
answer
44
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manually creating new blocks with Babe
Currently my consensus engine is Babe, and my finality gadget is Grandpa.
But for testing environments I'm wondering if that there is a way to manually force the engine to produce a new block when I ...
- 31
3
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0
answers
66
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Validator node dropping peers after producing a block followed by a reorg
We are seeing some strange behaviour with some (not all) of our validator nodes. We are using the standard BABE / GRANDPA pallets.
When it is their turn to produce a block, they produce the block, but ...
- 131
1
vote
1
answer
42
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On using Instantseal on a public standalone network
What are the ramifications of using InstantSeal on a public standalone chain? According to the comments on How to reject empty blocks?, it's quite evident that babe/aura based chains require blocks to ...
- 3,702
5
votes
1
answer
377
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Is it possible to resurrect babe chains?
I've learned that babe chains, when all validators go offline, stalls and isn't recoverable. But my question is, from a database perspective we have the data in the chainstate folders right? So wouldn'...
- 3,702
1
vote
2
answers
93
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Grandpa + Babe finality issues
Starting with the node-template, I switched my chains block authoring from Aura to Babe, which compiles fine but does not manage to finalize any blocks. I suspect it's a wrong genesis configuration. ...
- 269
6
votes
2
answers
142
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Advantages of BABE/GRANDPA over Aura for sovereign chains when weights are equal
I've read through various documentation on consensus algorithms, along with the fellow SE post What is the difference between Babe, Aura, and Grandpa?. I'm unsure what the posited advantage of BABE/...
- 125
6
votes
1
answer
70
views
Substrate chain reconcilliation with BABE/GRANDPA
With BABE, I understand validators to produce blocks and chosen randomly and multiple validators may be eligible to produce a block, already providing a large amount of forks/fork opportunities. If no ...
- 125
8
votes
1
answer
89
views
How does a collator or validator choose their signing key?
If I were to insert multiple (valid) author keys over RPC, how does a collator or validator choose which key to sign with when producing a block? As far as I know this cannot be set on start-up.
- 320
6
votes
2
answers
52
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Is there a connection between MaxAuthorities from authority_discovery, babe and grandpa?
All three pallets (babe, grandpa, and authority_discovery) have a field known as MaxAuthorities. For a chain, should these values all point to the same number or can they be different?
From ...
- 3,702
6
votes
0
answers
101
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BlockBuilderApi<Block> Trait bounds within node/src/service and rpc [closed]
I am having a problem satisfying all of the trait bounds within the node crate. I am using the polkadot-v0.9.17 branch of substrate, as was recommended on another question here.
It is calling ...
- 295
3
votes
2
answers
158
views
After restarting a chain I get a ClientImport("Unexpect epoch change") error. What does this mean in English?
So while testing I have about 4 nodes (local) running and if I were to stop them all, and then come back a few minutes later and restart them, with the exact same --base-path, I'd get this error :
...
- 3,702
5
votes
1
answer
303
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Backing off claiming new slot for block authorship: finality is lagging
What are the steps to take to restart a chain when finality is lagging behind and block productions is also slowing down.
In the logs there are prints like this:
Backing off claiming new slot for ...
- 1,110
3
votes
1
answer
100
views
How to set secondary slots for Babe?
As I understand, the babe epoch config comes with the option of SecondaryPlain and SecondaryVRF slots, which is more or less like PoA in the case that no primary block producers are available.
If ...
- 3,702
8
votes
1
answer
218
views
Proof of Stake algorithms, why use Aura as block producer?
I was under the impression that in proof of stake, or as substrate uses it, nominated proof of stake, the block producers are chosen by stake, into a set known as validator set through phragmen ...
- 3,702
12
votes
1
answer
586
views
What is the difference between Babe, Aura, and Grandpa?
Substrate supports "pluggable consensus" so a developer can choose from among several consensus algorithms. The main Substrate repository contains four algorithms:
Aura
Babe
Proof of Work
...
- 1,105
7
votes
2
answers
514
views
Secure random number generation?
I've been watching Substrate_ tutorials for a while now, with the goal of learning a little more about their technology.
My question is:
Would random number generation using Randomness be feasible in ...
- 73
8
votes
1
answer
52
views
What is the KeyOwnerProofSystem in BABE config?
In the pallet_babe config one can see the type KeyOwnerProofSystem as being set to Historical which is a reference to pallet_session::historical.
What functions does a KeyProofSystem serve? What is it ...
- 3,702