Questions tagged [babe]

Block production protocol

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Understanding the Concept of "Best Block" in Parachains, Relay Chains, and Solo Chains

I'm currently working to gain a deeper understanding of blockchain technologies, specifically in the context of parachains and relay chains, as well as solo chains. I'm having some confusion regarding ...
UPENDRA SINGH's user avatar
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1 answer
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Can we use AccountId20 with babe and other pallets?

As frontier now integrate natively the AccountId20 type, I wonder if it is compatible with all other pallets like BABE, Staking, ... Is there a place where we can check it or do we know some ...
Dubs's user avatar
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How to change POA to POS with babe?

How to change the the consensus of node-template from POA to POS with babe?
Deepak Chaudhary's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
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Facing Issue in integration of POS

I'm integrating the POS in freshly node template. I'm facing this error: This is the code repository: https://github.com/Aideepakchaudhary/POA-to-POS Can anyone please help me to solve this issue? ...
Deepak Chaudhary's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
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Node template with POS Babe consensus: Removal of Unnecessary Extra Pallets

Here is the node template with Babe: https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/blob/6a946fc36d68b89599d7ca1ab03803d10c78468c/bin/node/runtime/src/lib.rs#L1583 The above template is functioning smoothly ...
Ajit's user avatar
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Error Running Substrate Node: Unsupported or invalid BabeApi version

I am trying to run a Substrate node with a custom chain specification. I used the following command to run the node: ./target/release/substrate \ --base-path /tmp/pikamo \ --chain ./...
Mr Coder's user avatar
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5 votes
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How to solve this error: associated type `BlockNumber` not found for `T`?

I have substrate node template with babe and i want to integrate orml-currencies. I'm using this in cargo.toml: orml-currencies = { default-features = false, git = "https://github.com/open-web3-...
Deepak Chaudhary's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
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Custom session keys in Chainspec for Mainnet config

I've seen some Substrate repo's where the SessionKeys (Aura, Babe, Grandpa, etc) are used with unchecked_into() .While the stash/controller keys are only used with into(). These are some examples: ...
Discardo's user avatar
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frontier template upgrade to polkadotv0.9.38 but using Babe instead of Aura

I've upgraded the frontier-node-template to substrate polkadot-v0.9.38, I've fixed all issues in runtime, migrated my code as well. But since last few days, I'm stuck in converting service.rs file in ...
Zubair Buriro's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
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file not found for module `sys`

Geeting following error's how can i fix this error? error[E0583]: file not found for module `sys` --> /Users/abubakarmujahid/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/errno-0.3.1/...
Abubakar Mujahid's user avatar
3 votes
3 answers
626 views

How to replace aura with babe?

Subsrate-node-template uses Aura as a default block authoring algorithem. How can one repalace aura with babe?
Syed Kamran's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
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How to execute reportEquivocation function in babe pallet?

I was trying to execute a function reportEquivocation(equivocationProof, keyOwnerProof)in the babe pallet . I was stuck in filling the parameters for the same.Could anyone guide me about how to fill ...
Ipsa Gupta's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
119 views

Session changes on reversion

When reasoning about a particular problem, I realized that I don't know how session changes work with chain reversions. To my knowledge session changes are based on time/slots and not on blocks. So ...
eskimor's user avatar
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Switching from `Aura` to `Babe` consensus causes error "Incomplete block import pipeline" on genesis block

I am trying to switch from Aura to Babe consensus. After successful building and node start I am getting an error "Block import error: Incomplete block import pipeline.". This happens with ...
bis rkharisov's user avatar
3 votes
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Switching from Aura to Babe - 'Current state of blockchain has invalid authorities set'

I'm attempting to switch a node from using Aura to Babe by copying the usage of Babe in some public chains. However when I run multiple nodes together I get the error: Unable to fetch auxiliary data ...
Jonathan Gray's user avatar
5 votes
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Adhering to size limit of a block

We do track weight during block creation/block import, but weight only cares about execution time and with 2D weights also about storage proof size. We do keep track of size in propose here but only ...
eskimor's user avatar
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What happens on invalid blocks?

I was wondering about block import in particular about invalid blocks: What are the consequences of a block being deemed invalid/failing block import - except well for the block not being imported. Is ...
eskimor's user avatar
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1 answer
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How to implement a production randomness pallet?

Hey valuable community member, I am currently on a randomness pallet which can be used as a production counterpart to the insecure randomness-collective-flip pallet. This is my current version: https:/...
Chralt's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
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nextAuthorities() output clarification from Babe storage event

Good evening, I am trying to parse the output hash of nextAuthorities details retrieved by storage function. I would like to know how to parse the output sent per validator, is it an hashproof ...
a_dotter's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
70 views

How to start a GRANDPA blockchain without any initial voters?

I've tried modifying the repository so initial voters for the grandpa pallet. In doing so, I noticed there are many checks to prevent that modification. The reason why we do not want any initial ...
Kofi's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
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BABE: VRF verification fails

We just ran into the following issue on our kintsugi testnet deployment: [Relaychain] :broken_heart: Verification failed for block 0xdef612b6bd9d3b6a2ff93a1e9310f385b7a8b715f3f368135731772a3c6f0792 ...
Dominik Harz's user avatar
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1 answer
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How to list waiting validators?

We can list the active set with session::validators() and/or babe::authorities() How to list waiting validators though?
user1813's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
152 views

Is it possible to start a substrate BABE blockchain with no Grandpa authorities and BABE validators?

I'm trying to implement a PoS network on substrate using substrate provided pallets - pallet_session, pallet_staking, pallet_babe, etc. The current Runtime and chain spec implementation is similar to ...
Kofi's user avatar
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1 vote
2 answers
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Substrate change node template from PoA to PoS

Is there any documentation on how to change Substrate from PoA to PoS?
Mohamad Al Zohbie's user avatar
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1 answer
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Are Periodic Grandpa Voter Errors To Be Expected?

We have been losing anywhere from one to three nodes at a time with Grandpa Voter Errors at random block numbers ranging from 1600 to over 183K. Thus far we have not found any configuration in the ...
KathrynColleen's user avatar
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2 answers
134 views

Babe PoA to NPoS migration

Here's my babe pallet configuration: I suppose that for PoA we want to keep the same authority set impl pallet_babe::Config for Runtime { type EpochDuration = EpochDuration; type ...
mr_bovo's user avatar
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4 votes
2 answers
249 views

How can I use BABE's randomness in my parachain?

I would like to use BABE's randomness for some on-chain logic. IIUC using BABE inside a parachain's runtime is not recommended good practice because there's no fallback for producing blocks if no ...
Sacha Lansky's user avatar
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1 answer
111 views

Node-template for stand-alone blockchains with POS babe consensus

Is there a node-template for babe consensus tracking all the changes and updates as it does to substrate-node-template which follows aura consensus. For eg., polkadot-v0.9.24 changes are already ...
Immanuel John's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
72 views

What prevents a primary staker from holding off staking to wait for a specific outcome they want in BABE?

One of the issues of PoS as far as I understand is the randomness that selects a staker. Ouroboros Praos, and also BABE use VRFs (Verifiable Random Functions) to assign primary and secondary leaders ...
The Quantum Physicist's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
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Certain validator nodes produce more blocks than other nodes (BABE)

At Ternoa we are observing an interesting phenomenon where a node operator consistently produces more blocks than other node operators. In this case, he has two validator nodes and both nodes produce ...
Marko Petrlić's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
44 views

manually creating new blocks with Babe

Currently my consensus engine is Babe, and my finality gadget is Grandpa. But for testing environments I'm wondering if that there is a way to manually force the engine to produce a new block when I ...
Alex Won's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
66 views

Validator node dropping peers after producing a block followed by a reorg

We are seeing some strange behaviour with some (not all) of our validator nodes. We are using the standard BABE / GRANDPA pallets. When it is their turn to produce a block, they produce the block, but ...
Adam Dossa's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
42 views

On using Instantseal on a public standalone network

What are the ramifications of using InstantSeal on a public standalone chain? According to the comments on How to reject empty blocks?, it's quite evident that babe/aura based chains require blocks to ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
377 views

Is it possible to resurrect babe chains?

I've learned that babe chains, when all validators go offline, stalls and isn't recoverable. But my question is, from a database perspective we have the data in the chainstate folders right? So wouldn'...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
93 views

Grandpa + Babe finality issues

Starting with the node-template, I switched my chains block authoring from Aura to Babe, which compiles fine but does not manage to finalize any blocks. I suspect it's a wrong genesis configuration. ...
Mathis Wellmann's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
142 views

Advantages of BABE/GRANDPA over Aura for sovereign chains when weights are equal

I've read through various documentation on consensus algorithms, along with the fellow SE post What is the difference between Babe, Aura, and Grandpa?. I'm unsure what the posited advantage of BABE/...
Kayaba's user avatar
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6 votes
1 answer
70 views

Substrate chain reconcilliation with BABE/GRANDPA

With BABE, I understand validators to produce blocks and chosen randomly and multiple validators may be eligible to produce a block, already providing a large amount of forks/fork opportunities. If no ...
Kayaba's user avatar
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8 votes
1 answer
89 views

How does a collator or validator choose their signing key?

If I were to insert multiple (valid) author keys over RPC, how does a collator or validator choose which key to sign with when producing a block? As far as I know this cannot be set on start-up.
Gregory Hill's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
52 views

Is there a connection between MaxAuthorities from authority_discovery, babe and grandpa?

All three pallets (babe, grandpa, and authority_discovery) have a field known as MaxAuthorities. For a chain, should these values all point to the same number or can they be different? From ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
101 views

BlockBuilderApi<Block> Trait bounds within node/src/service and rpc [closed]

I am having a problem satisfying all of the trait bounds within the node crate. I am using the polkadot-v0.9.17 branch of substrate, as was recommended on another question here. It is calling ...
Max's user avatar
  • 295
3 votes
2 answers
158 views

After restarting a chain I get a ClientImport("Unexpect epoch change") error. What does this mean in English?

So while testing I have about 4 nodes (local) running and if I were to stop them all, and then come back a few minutes later and restart them, with the exact same --base-path, I'd get this error : ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
303 views

Backing off claiming new slot for block authorship: finality is lagging

What are the steps to take to restart a chain when finality is lagging behind and block productions is also slowing down. In the logs there are prints like this: Backing off claiming new slot for ...
Simson's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
100 views

How to set secondary slots for Babe?

As I understand, the babe epoch config comes with the option of SecondaryPlain and SecondaryVRF slots, which is more or less like PoA in the case that no primary block producers are available. If ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
218 views

Proof of Stake algorithms, why use Aura as block producer?

I was under the impression that in proof of stake, or as substrate uses it, nominated proof of stake, the block producers are chosen by stake, into a set known as validator set through phragmen ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar
12 votes
1 answer
586 views

What is the difference between Babe, Aura, and Grandpa?

Substrate supports "pluggable consensus" so a developer can choose from among several consensus algorithms. The main Substrate repository contains four algorithms: Aura Babe Proof of Work ...
JoshOrndorff's user avatar
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7 votes
2 answers
514 views

Secure random number generation?

I've been watching Substrate_ tutorials for a while now, with the goal of learning a little more about their technology. My question is: Would random number generation using Randomness be feasible in ...
Alberto's user avatar
  • 73
8 votes
1 answer
52 views

What is the KeyOwnerProofSystem in BABE config?

In the pallet_babe config one can see the type KeyOwnerProofSystem as being set to Historical which is a reference to pallet_session::historical. What functions does a KeyProofSystem serve? What is it ...
Purple_Turtle's user avatar