Substrate and Polkadot Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for developers building blockchains with the Substrate SDK. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Sign up to join this community
This seems very basic, but I'm unable to figure out at which block number an event was emitted.
Specifically, I'm listening for Grandpa.NewAuthorities system event and just want to know at which block it was emitted. I've looked through the entire event, but can't find anything that would enable this. What am I missing here?
You are missing some crucial information, such as which API you are using.
For instance, on the JS API, each Codec result retrieved from storage has a createdAtHash getter. This means you can do -
api.query.system.events((v) => {
console.log('Vec<EventRecord> created at', v.createdAtHash.toHex());
});
Since the underlying subscribeStorage RPCs do return the blockHash, other APIs/middleware-layers would expose it in a different way.
What are events? Events are state in storage that is reset at the beginning of each block. So in order to get those events the code must know which block is associated I would think. You can see why there would not be a block number or hash stored in the events, as anyone that got an event must already know that information.
https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Frpc.polkadot.io#/chainstate - have a look in system/events().
If you did a raw storage query for 26aa394eea5630e07c48ae0c9558cef780d41e5e16056765bc8461851072c9d7 then you would get the events back as of the block that you were querying the storage for.
Hope this sheds some light that events are not magic and work the same way as all the other storage.
